Yam twg Apple ntau tus yeej? Kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv hauv cov tebchaw nquag

Raws li ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau loj hlob thiab noj thoob ntiaj teb, txiv apples tsis tsuas yog muaj ntau yam cov khoom xyaw uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv ntau. Lub Apple Extract kev lag luam txuas tau qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev thov ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov txiv apples hauv cov txiv apples. Muaj cov sib txawv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov kua sib txawv vim lawv qhov keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau los, kev cog qoob loo ib puag ncig, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom xyaw nquag ua cov txiv ntoo feem ntau suav nrogpolyphenols(xws li antocyanins, chlorogenic acid, epicateeschin), flavonoids (suav nrog quercetin), vitamins, minerals, thiab kev noj haus fiber ntau. Cov khoom xyaw no xaus txiv apples nrog ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob antioxidant, anti {o} kev tiv thaiv, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob plawv._[1-2]Nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag extract kev lag luam, polyphenols thiab flavonoids tau nyiam cov kev saib xyuas tshaj plaws vim lawv cov kev ua ub ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ua tiav dav ntxiv.

2.1 Ntau yam sib txawv hauv anthocyanin cov ntsiab lus
Antehocyanins yog ib qho tseem ceeb polyphenolic tshuaj hauv txiv apples, paub txog lawv cov khoom muaj zog antioxidant. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias Procyanidin cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tseem ceeb thoob plaws Apple ntau yam.

①red qab qab: cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj nyob hauv cov tev ntawm cov txiv ntoo qab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txoj kev tshawb fawb uas siv HPLC txoj kev pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm anthoanin B2 hauv tev ntawm cov nqaij liab, xws li cov ntsiab lus hauv cov nqaij tawv yog 90.19 txog 247.06 μ g / g g / g._[3] Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb taw qhia tias cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj heev ntawm 'Tshiab liab lub hnub qub' thiab 'FW Fuji) muaj lub siab ntawm 4.2345-1.034mg / g (fw) hauv nqaij._[4]

②gala: Muab piv rau qee hom tsiaj qus lossis tshwj xeeb cog ntau yam, cov txiv av gala yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg dua. Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm chlorogenic acid, anthocyanin B2, thiab Epicatanin hauv cov nqaij ntawm cov txiv ntoo qus (Malus sieversii) yog ntau dua li ntawm cov pej xeem hauv zos xws li Gala._[5]Ntawm lawv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm anthocyanin B2 hauv qee hom ntawm Xinjiang cov tsiaj qus yog qhov ntau dua li qhov ntawd hauv Gala hom.

Cov txiv apples (xws li cov txiv ntoo ntsuab): apples ntsuab muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke tseem ceeb tseem ceeb rau cov yam ntxwv sib txawv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm anthocyanins hauv cov txiv ntoo ntsuab (2.35%) tau nce siab dua li qhov ntawd hauv cov txiv ntoo ntsuab (0.92%), qhia tau tias cov khoom ntsuab ntsuab muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qee cov polyphenol Cheebtsam.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab cog ntau yam tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog. Ib qho kev kawm ntawm 25 xinjian cov vaj ntxwv txiv ntoo thiab 3 lub zos Apple ntau yam (suav nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nqaij ntawm Xinjiang cov vaj ntxwv qus tau ntau dua li cov hauv zos cultivated ntau yam. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus epicatechin ntawm qee hom tsiaj qus hauv xinjiang (xws li GL183) yog txawm tias 82.13 lub sij hawm siab tshaj li ntawm Gala._[5] Kaum ob hom flavonoids, suav nrogProcyanidinB1, B2, thiab B4, Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Epicathachin nyob ntawm 10.20 txog 73.77 mg / kg, nrog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm ntau hom sib txawv._[6]

2.2 Ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov kua qaub phenolic thiab flavonols
Ntxiv nrog rau astocyanins, kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lwm polyphenol cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj sib txawv ntawm ntau yam.

Phib acid: chlorogenic acid yog ib qho ntawm cov acids tseemcs hauv apples._[2]Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias Chlorogenic acid yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws monomic phenol nyob rau tsis {{}}}}}} х aging kua txiv (NFC). Cov ntsiab lus ntawm chlorogenic acid nyob rau hauv cov nqaij ntawm Xinjiang cov txiv av qus kuj yog ntau dua li ntawm cov hauv zos ua ntau yam ntawm GALA._[5]

Huangsol (xws li quercetin thiab rutin): kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus me me, xws li cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov lus qhia, xws li kev sib txawv ntawm ntau yam ntawm ntau yam. Piv txwv li, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Quercetin Galactoside Ranges los ntawm 5.36 txog 88.38 mg / kg, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm quercetin glycoside ranges los ntawm 11.82 txog 49.64 mg / kg. Cov neeg Flavonol Flavonol no ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua si ntawm cov txiv av paum.

2.3 Ntau yam sib txawv hauv Antioxidant
Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom xyaw ua ke ncaj qha ua rau ntau qib antioxidant muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txiv apples sib txawv ntawm cov txiv apples.

Ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb piv cov polyphenol muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab antioxidant muaj peev xwm (ntsuas los ntawm DPPH thiab abts dawb radical txaus luag) ntawm 15 nfc Kua kua txiv thiab pom tias:

DPPH VOOM DAWB Kev muaj peev xwm ntawm "jonagin" kua txiv yog qhov siab tshaj (89.1%.
Lub abts dawb radical slavenging muaj peev xwm ntawm "Qiuxiang" kua txiv yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws (92.6%)._[2]
Qhov kev tshawb fawb kuj tseem ua rau pom tias antocyanins yog lub peev xwm tseem ceeb rau hauv vitro antioxidant muaj peev xwm ntawm NFC Kua kua txiv. Tshwj xeeb yog, peb txoj haujlwm monomic phenols ntawmProcyanidin B2, epicatechin, thiab epicatchin gallate ua yeeb yam dpph dawb radical coj tau muaj peev xwm; Cov abts radical scavenenging muaj peev xwm yog ntxiv rau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus phenolic tag nrho.

Another study compared the antioxidant capacity of Yamagata, Hongmantang (red skin and red meat), and Fuji apples at different developmental stages and found that the antioxidant capacity was as follows: Yamagata>Hongmantang>Fuji. [1] Thiab muaj qhov muaj zog sib txheeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm phenolic tshuaj thiab antioxidant muaj peev xwm.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xyaw ua haujlwm hauv cov txiv ntoo nyob ntawm tsis tsuas yog ntawm ntau yam, tab sis kuj ntawm ntau yam:

• Cov txiv ntoo Qhov: Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov txiv apples yog tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob tsis tau. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua kom pom xwm yeem tias cov ntsiab lus ntawmpolyphenols(xws li antocyanins thiab flavonols), tag nrho cov phenols, thiab tag nrho flavonoids, thiab tag nrho flavonoids nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog qhov siab dua ntawd hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pulp._[3-4]Piv txwv li, nws tau tshaj tawm tias tag nrho cov ntsiab lus polyphenol hauv cov tev ntawm "Golden" Apple "Goldard" golden " Tag nrho cov flavonoid cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tev (291.19mg / 100g) yog ntau tshaj 3.3 zaug ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pulp (87.38mg / 100g). Tag nrho cov flavonoid cov ntsiab lus hauv tev ntawm "liab fuji" txiv apples (617.86mg / 100g) yog siab dua uas nyob rau hauv lawv cov noob (84.05mg / 100g) thiab nqaij. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau siv cov tawv nqaij thiab txawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob hauv lub sijhawm ua thiab rho tawm.

• Cov Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Kev Lag Luam Theem: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hloov kho kev ua kom zoo nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kev txhim kho._[4]Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias thaum lub sij hawm kev txhim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm 'Fuji' thiab 'tshiab liab lub hnub nyoog ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, tom qab ntawd txo qis, thiab ruaj khov tom qab nruab nrab lub Xya Hli; Cov ntsiab lus ntawm anthocyanins nyob rau hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo pulp tau txo qis thiab tseem muaj nyob txij li thaum nruab nrab Lub Yim Hli. Ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav kuj tau pom meej meej tias tag nrhopolyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, thiab antioxidant muaj peev xwm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo theem, thiab cov khoom xyaw ua tau pom zoo ua kom muaj kev txo qis nrog kev txhim kho. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm anthocyanins nce nrog kev txhim kho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

• Thaj av thiab ib puag ncig: txiv apples los ntawm thaj chaw sib txawv, txawm hais tias ntawm tib ntau yam, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv cov khoom xyaw, av, thiab kev sau qoob loo. Cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txiv ntoo qus hauv cov txiv ntoo thiab cov txiv ntoo me me hauv Northeast Tuam Tshoj tau qhia txog cov khoom xyaw tsis sib xws hauv cov chaw ua si los ntawm cov cheeb tsam muaj sib txawv. [5-6]

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom xyaw nquag ntawm cov hom sib txawv cov hom sib txawv muab cov lus qhia tseem ceeb thiab cov nyom rau cov nroj tsuag extract kev lag luam:

4.1 Xaiv cov khoom siv rawies: qhov kev lag luam yuav tsum yog xaiv Apple ntau yam raws lub hom phiaj muaj cov khoom xyaw. Yog tias qhov siab antitude antigyanin cov ntsiab lus xav tau yog xav tau, muaj feem tseem ceeb tuaj yeem muab rau cov leeg ntawm liab-liab, xinjian cov txiv av qus, lossis txiv apples ntsuab. Yog tias saib xyuas kom them rau chlorogenic acid lossis epicatenic acid lossis epicatecin, lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom noj qus Apple hauv Xinjiang yog loj heev. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb los tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb traceavility system rau raw cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau ntau yam, keeb kwm, thiab sau lub sijhawm.

4.2 Qhov ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam: muab hais tias cov cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke hauv cov nqaij, cov khoom lag luam zoo dua li qhov kev siv Apple ua ke (xws li tev thiab pomace). Qhov kev txhim kho kom tau txais kev pab ua kom muaj zog thiab nyiaj txiag muaj txiaj ntsig thaum daws nrog cov tswvyim ntawm kev lag luam ncig.

4.3 Txhim kho cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis: cov txheej txheem rho tawm ntawm cov khoom sib txawv nquag yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, kev kuaj pom ntawmAnthocyanin B2feem ntau nqa tawm los ntawm HPLC cov qauv, nrog Chromatographic tej yam kev mob tshwm sim ntawm nolomenex Luna C18 kem; Mobile theem A: 0.5% phosphoric acid kua, theem b: dej acetonitrile (50:50, v / v); Flow tus nqi: 1.0mL / min; Kab kub: 30 degree; Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Wavelength: 280NM. Hauv kev tsim khoom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tshawb nrhiav kev rho tawm, sib cais, thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav kom haum rau qhov loj me me, siab} effecticial, thiab tuaj yeem ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm._[3] 

4.4 Cov Qauv thiab Ntawv Pov Thawj Ntawm Cov Khoom: Vim yog cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab muaj kev ruaj khov thiab ntseeg tau ntawm lub potency ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv {- qhov tob ntawm cov kab mob thiab chaw kuaj mob ntawm cov hom sib txawv muab cov qauv kev txhim kho.

Kev nce qib biology, metabolomics, thiab lwm yam kev nkag siab ntawm cov khoom xyaw biles thiab kev tswj hwm kev yug me nyuam ntawm cov qib tshiab nrog cov ntsiab lus bioactive bioactive. Cov hauv -}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} kev tshawb xyuas kev noj qab haus huvKua Extracttseem yuav nthuav tawm nws daim ntawv thov siab ntxiv hauv high - tus nqi {{cov khoom noj khoom haus, cov khoom noj qab haus huv, tshuaj pleev ib ce, thiab lwm thaj chaw. Kom paub meej ntxiv, thov txuas nrog Serriaha los ntawm Appchem. (Email:cwj@appchem.cn;+86-138-0919-0407)

Siv:

[1] Gu Ziwei, hou wenhe, fu hongbo. Hloov cov phenolico cov tshuaj thiab antioxidant muaj peev xwm thaum lub txiv ntoo ntawm cov kua ntau yam sib txawv [j]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 53 (11): 35-44. DOI: 10.14083 / J.Ssisn.1001-4942.2021.11.1006.
[2] Wang Yangi, Gu Yurong, Wang Yongtao. Kev txheeb xyuas ntawm phenolic muaj pes tsawg leeg tshuaj thiab antioxidant cov haujlwm ntawm NFC Kua kua kua kua kua los ntawm txawv cultivars [j]. Phau ntawv Journal ntawm Suav lub koom haum ntawm zaub mov science thiab thev naus laus zis, 2020, 20 (05): 74-83. DOI: 10.16429 / j.1009-7848.2020.05.010.010.
[3] Wang Jiao, Zaj Xinbo, thov nkauj nyab nraug. HPLC kev txiav txim siab ntawm Proanthocyanidin B2 hauv ntau hom ntawm cov txiv apples [j]. Khoom Noj Khoom Haus Kawm Txuj Ci, 2012, 33 (24): 295.
[4] Ni Lanchun, Tshav Jianshe, LV Xia. Cov ntsiab lus thiab kev hloov pauv zoo ntawm Proyanidin hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm txawv cultivars ntawm Malus Domestica [J]. Phau ntawv Journal ntawm cov nroj tsuag cov khoom siv thiab ib puag ncig, 2004, (01): 16-18.
[5] Nws tianming, ni weiru, liu qing. Kev tsom xam ntawm hom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Flavonoids hauv Xinjiang qus Apple txiv hmab txiv ntoo [J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 49 (03): 46-51. DOI: 10.14083 / J.Ssisn.1001-4942.2017.03.009.
[6] Liu Chang, Zhao Jirong, Wang Kun. Kev tsom xam ntawm flavonoid Cheebtsam thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo sib txawv hauv Suav teb hauv Northeast Suav [J]. Hav zoov los ntawm - cov khoom thiab tshwj xeeb hauv Suav teb, 2020, (05): 25-28. DOI: 10.13268 / J.CKKI.FBKEIC.2020.007.